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XHTML 1.0 Tutorials - Document Structure and Head Level Tags

By: FYICenter.com

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(Continued from previous part...)

What Is the Robots META Tag/Element?

The robots meta element is a special meta element that provides directives to robots who is visiting the XHTML document. The robots meta element must include the "name" attribute as, name="robots". The "content" attribute must use predefined values of:

  • content="index,follow" - Asking the robot to index the document, and follow links in the document.
  • content="noindex,nofollow" - Asking the robot to not index the document, and not follow links in the document.
  • content="index,nofollow" - Asking the robot to index the document, and not follow links in the document.
  • content="noindex,follow" - Asking the robot to not index the document, and follow links in the document.
  • content="all" - Same as content="index,follow".
  • content="none" - Same as content="noindex,nofollow".

Here is a good example of the robots meta element:

<meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />

What Is a http-equiv META Tag/Element?

a http-equiv meta element is a special meta element that provides information equivalent to HTTP headers. A http-equiv meta element must include the "http-equiv" attribute as, http-equiv="Content-Type". Here is some good examples:

  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
    charset=UTF-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="3; 
    URL=http://dev.fyicenter.com/" />
  <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="Sun, 22 Mar 1998
   16:18:35 GMT" />

XHTML browsers and search engines are all respecting http-equiv meta elements. So it is important to code the keywords meta element properly in your XHTML documents following rules below:

  • Include http-equiv meta elements in XHTML documents as needed. Do not include all http-equiv meta elements in every XHTML documents.
  • Attribute "http-equiv" must contain valid HTTP headers defined in HTTP protocol.
  • Attribute "content" must contain valid values that matches the HTTP header specified in "http-equiv".
  • http-equiv="Content-Type" is used to specify the document type, and character set.
  • http-equiv="Refresh" is used to specify a refresh with a waiting period and a URL.
  • http-equiv="Expires" is used to an expiration time of the document.

What Is the Author META Tag/Element?

The author meta element is a special meta element that provides information about the author of the XHTML document. The author meta element must include the "name" attribute as, name="author". Here is an example:

<meta name="author" content="FYIcenter.com" />

XHMTL browsers are usually ignoring the author meta element. But some search engines are using the information provided in the author meta element.

What Is the Base Tag/Element?

The "base" element is an optional sub-element of the "head" element. The "base" element specifies a base URL for all the hyper links in XHTML document. It has one required attribute called "href" to allow you to specify the base URL. Here is an example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
 <head>
  <base href="http://dev.fyicenter.com/faq/" />
  <title>My First XHTML Document</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <p><img src="images/fyi.gif" alt="FYI" /></p>
 </body>
</html>

If you view this document in a browser, the image will be fetched from http://dev.fyicenter.com/faq/images/fyi.gif.

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