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XHTML 1.0 Tutorials - Body Tag and Block Level Tags

By: FYICenter.com

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(Continued from previous part...)

What Are Heading Tags/Elements?

Heading elements are block level elements that can be used directly as a sub-element in the body element. You can use heading elements to specify heading in different sizes. Here are basic rules about heading elements:

  • There are 6 heading elements, named as "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", and "h6".
  • Heading elements are mixed content elements.
  • Heading elements can have empty contents.
  • Heading elements can have PCDATA as contents.
  • Heading elements can have in-line elements as contents.
  • Heading elements can not have block elements as contents.
  • Heading elements are block elements. They can not be used as in-line elements.
  • Browsers display different heading elements with different font sizes. "h1" element will be displayed with a larger font size, and "h6" with smaller font size.

Here is a good example of heading elements:

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
 <head>
  <title>Levels of Headings</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <h1>XHTML Recipes by FYIcenter.com</h1>
  <h2>Menu for the HEAD</h2>
  <h3>Recipe #101 - Creating Doducment Title</h3>
  <p>Bla bla...</p>
  <h2>Menu for the BODY</h2>
  <p>...</p>
 </body>
</html>

If you save the above document as headings.html, and view it with Internet Explorer, you will see that 3 levels of headings as shown below:
            Levels of Headings

What Are HR Tags/Elements?

A "hr" element is a block level element that can be used directly as a sub-element in the body element. You can use "hr" elements to specify horizontal rulers. Here are basic rules about "hr" elements:

  • "hr" elements can only have empty contents.
  • "hr" elements are block elements. They can not be used as in-line elements.
  • "hr" elements will be displayed as solid horizontal rulers (lines).

Here is a good example of "hr" elements:

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
 <head>
  <title>Horizontal Rulers</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <p>Knock, knock Who's there? ...</p>
  <hr/>
  <p>Why did the turtle cross the road? ...</p>
 </body>
</html>

If you save the above document as rulers.html, and view it with Internet Explorer, you will see that a horizontal line is displayed as shown below:
            Horizontal Rulers

What Are Other Block Elements?

Other block elements that are not covered in this collection:

  • ul, ol, dl - Specifying lists of items.
  • table - Specifying tables of columns and rows.
  • form - Specifying forms with input fields.
  • script - Specifying client-side script codes.
  • div - Specifying structural divisions.

Tutorial tips on those elements will be included in other collections on this site.

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